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The Government of Meiji Japan () was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain, Chōshū Domain and Tenno in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan. Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji oligarchy, who overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate. ==Early developments== After the Meiji restoration, the leaders of the ''samurai'' who overthrew the Tokugawa Shogun had no clear agenda or pre-developed plan on how to run Japan. They did have a number of things in common – most were in their mid-30s, and most were from the four ''tozama'' domains of western Japan (Chōshū, Satsuma, Tosa and Hizen). Although from lower-ranked ''samurai'' families, they had risen to military leadership roles in their respective domains, and came from a Confucian-based educational background which stressed loyalty and service to society. Finally, most either had first-hand experience in travel overseas, or second-hand experience through contacts with foreign advisors in Japan. As a result, they knew of the military superiority of the western nations and of the need for Japan to unify, and to strengthen itself to avoid the colonial fate of its neighbors on the Asian continent. However, in 1867, the country was largely a collection of semi-independent feudal domains held together by the military strength of the Satchō Alliance, and by the prestige of the Imperial Court. In early March 1868, while the outcome of the Boshin War was still uncertain, the new Meiji government summoned delegates from all of the domains to Kyoto to establish a provisional consultative national assembly. In April 1868, the Charter Oath was promulgated, in which Emperor Meiji set out the broad general outlines for Japan's development and modernization. Two months later, in June 1868, the ''Seitaisho'' was promulgated to establish the new administrative basis for the Meiji government. This administrative code was drafted by Fukuoka Takachika and Soejima Taneomi (both of whom had studied abroad and who had a liberal political outlook), and was a mixture of western concepts such as division of powers, and a revival of ancient structures of bureaucracy dating back to Nara period Japan. A central governmental structure, or ''Daijōkan'', was established. The ''Daijōkan'' had seven departments: *Legislative (divided into an Upper Assembly of appointed bureaucrats, and a Lower Assembly of domain representatives) *Executive *Shinto *Finance *Military *Foreign Affairs *Civil Affairs A separate Justice Ministry was established to create a form of separation of powers in imitation of the western countries. The government instigated Fuhanken Sanchisei, dividing territory into urban prefectures or municipalities (''fu'') and rural prefectues (''ken''). Local government in Japan consisted of area confiscated from the Tokugawa, administered from the Department of Civil Affairs, and 273 semi-independent domains. Agents from the central government were sent to each of the domains to work towards administrative uniformity and conformation to the directives of the central government. In early 1869, the national capital was transferred from Kyoto to Edo, which was renamed Tokyo (Eastern Capital). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Government of Meiji Japan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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